Thủy Sản Xuất Khẩu Tăng Hai Con Số: Mừng Ít, Lo Nhiều — SME Đang Đứng Ở Đâu?

Tong quan tin tuc

Xuat khau thuy san Viet Nam tiep tuc bao cao tang truong hai con so trong nua dau nam 2026. Nghe qua thi phan khoi that. Nhung toi da lam qua du nhieu don hang thuy san sang My, EU, Nhat de biet ro mot dieu: tang truong kim ngach khong dong nghia voi tang truong loi nhuan. Va bai bao nay cung thang than noi ra — thach thuc van bua vay tu moi phia, tu nguyen lieu, chi phi logistics, den rao can ky thuat cua thi truong nhap khau.

So lieu noi len dieu gi

Cac thi truong lon nhu My, Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban, EU van la tru cot, nhung moi thi truong co bo loc rieng. My siet chat kiem tra du luong khang sinh va nguon goc danh bat (IUU). EU van giu the vang IUU treo lo lung tren dau nganh hai san khai thac. Trung Quoc thi lai thay doi lien tuc ve chinh sach kiem dich, co thoi diem thong quan nhanh, co thoi diem ach tac ca tuan le o cua khau.

Toi tung chung kien mot doi tac o Ca Mau xuat container tom sang My, bi tra hang vi vuot nguong khang sinh cho phep — thiet hai khong chi la gia tri lo hang ma con la niem tin cua buyer, thu mat hang nam moi xay lai duoc.

Nhan dinh cua Ho Alva

Tang truong hai con so la con so dep tren giay to hai quan, nhung no khong phan anh suc khoe thuc su cua tung doanh nghiep, dac biet la SME. Nganh thuy san Viet Nam dang phan hoa ro ret: mot nhom nho doanh nghiep lon co vung nuoi dat chuan, co chung nhan ASC, BAP, co he thong truy xuat bai ban — nhom nay huong loi that su tu tang truong xuat khau. Con lai la so dong SME van gia cong, phu thuoc nguyen lieu trung gian, thieu chung nhan quoc te, va do la nhom chiu rui ro cao nhat khi hang rao ky thuat siet lai.

Toi hay noi voi khach hang cua minh mot cau: xuat khau thuy san bay gio khong con la cuoc choi ve san luong, ma la cuoc choi ve ho so. Buyer My, EU khong hoi ban ban duoc bao nhieu tan, ho hoi ban co the chung minh nguon goc, quy trinh, du luong hoa chat bang tai lieu nao. Khong co ho so chuan, du hang tot cach may cung bi tra ve.

Co hoi cho SME

Co hoi thuc su nam o nhung ngach it canh tranh hon: thuy san che bien sau thay vi xuat tho, san pham gia tri gia tang nhu tom tam boc, ca fillet dong lanh dong goi theo yeu cau rieng cua tung chuoi sieu thi. Toi tung ho tro mot doanh nghiep chuyen tom che bien tai Soc Trang chuyen huong sang lam private label cho mot chuoi ban le tai Han Quoc — bien loi nhuan tang gap doi so voi ban tho qua trung gian, vi ho nam duoc trai nghiem dong goi va thuong hieu rieng cho doi tac.

Ban B2B truc tuyen qua Alibaba cung la mot kenh dang can nhac nghiem tuc, dac biet cho cac SME chua du nguon luc mo van phong dai dien o nuoc ngoai. Toi da thay khong it doanh nghiep thuy san nho tai Ben Tre, Kien Giang tiep can duoc buyer trung han qua nen tang nay, thay vi phu thuoc hoan toan vao thuong lai xuat khau trung gian an chenh lech 15-20% gia tri don hang.

Luu y rui ro

Rui ro lon nhat khong phai la thi truong, ma la nang luc tuan thu noi tai. Ban co the mat mot lo hang vi mot chi tiet nho trong ho so kiem dich. Toi tung thay mot doi tac mat hop dong tri gia 200.000 USD chi vi cham tre 3 ngay trong viec cung cap chung nhan xuat xu nguyen lieu — buyer khong doi, ho chuyen sang nha cung cap khac ngay lap tuc.

Chi phi dau vao cung la bai toan dau dau: gia thuc an thuy san tang, chi phi logistics bien dong that thuong, ty gia USD/VND anh huong truc tiep den bien loi nhuan xuat khau. Doanh nghiep nao khong co du bao dong tien 6-12 thang toi rat de roi vao the bi dong khi thi truong bien dong dot ngot.

Ban dang xuat khau thuy san theo kieu nao — ban nguyen lieu tho qua trung gian, hay da xay dung duoc ho so tuan thu va thuong hieu rieng de tiep can truc tiep buyer quoc te?